Functional diagnostics combines a complex of medical diagnostic methods, allowing to evaluate the capabilities of internal organs and systems of a person. In this case, the functions of the body can be studied both at rest, so in conditions of special physical or medical loads.

Spectrum of diagnostic studies

Cardiology:

Electrocardiography (EKG)

Is very informative inexpensive,  affordable and safe diagnostic method, providing information about cardiac activity.

Indications for carrying out

  • pain in the chest area
  • dyspnea, feeling short of breath
  • heartbeat, interruptions in the work of the heart
  • before admission to an inpatient department of any profile
  • before surgery
  • during preventive medical examinations

Methodology

ECG recording is carried out using a special device, electrocardiograph, from the surface of the patient's body (upper and lower limbs and chest). The electrodes are glued (10 things) or special suction cups and cuffs are used. Taking an ECG takes 5-10 minutes.

Holter monitoring ECIG (CHEM ECG)

Allows you to record an ECG for 24 hours on a special carrier.

Indications for carrying out

  • previous myocardial infarction
  • chronic heart failure
  • hypertrophic, dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy;
  • in the period of rehabilitation after a heart attack with preserved function of the left ventricle of the heart
  • a history of cardiac arrest or organ injury
  • hypertonic disease
  • congenital and acquired heart defects
  • syncope (fainting) conditions with unknown origin or in the absence of the effect of the treatment
  • periods of unexplained dizziness
  • subjective sensations of the heartbeat by the patient himself
  • sleep apnea syndrome – transient lack of breathing during sleep
  • neurological pathology and cerebrovascular disease

 Methodology

 portable recorder in use, recording information about the state of the cardiovascular system throughout the day.  The patient is placed electrodes on the chest area.  It is recommended to keep a diary, in which he will note his complaints and fix changes in state at different periods of the day (morning, day, evening and night). A special program produces a comprehensive assessment of heart rate, the presence of myocardial ischemia.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (SMAD)

Continuous blood pressure measurement for 24 hours, allows diagnosing arterial hypertension and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment

Indications for carrying out

  • arterial hypertension (revealed elevated blood pressure figures: 135/85 mmHg. and higher at home measurement; 140/90 mmHg. and higher when measured at a doctor's appointment)
  • arterial hypertension during pregnancy
  • evaluation of the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy
  • suspicion of "white coat hypertension", when increased pressure is registered only during measurements, carried out by medical staff
  • detecting an increase in blood pressure during sleep
  • arterial hypotension (AD 90/60 mmHg. and below)
  • detection of orthostatic arterial hypotension

Methodology

on the lower third of the patient's arm put on and secure the cuff, flexible tube connected to a blood pressure monitor, the device automatically inflates and deflates the air in the cuff. A special program produces a comprehensive assessment of blood pressure.

Treadmill test. Bicycle ergometry

ECG during exercise. Allows you to evaluate the response of the cardiovascular system to physical stress. In the presence of heart or vascular disease, this test will show the threshold, upon reaching which the first symptoms appear

Indications for carrying out

  • suspicion of hidden forms of coronary insufficiency and ischemic disease
    • detection of painless myocardial ischemia
    • assessment of the body's resistance to stress in diagnosed coronary artery disease
    • testing of patients after myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery
    • diagnosis of coronary heart disease in atypical angina pectoris, cardiac syndrome and ECG changes, preventing myocardial ischemia
    • categories of citizens, who are at high risk of developing coronary heart disease(age 40 years and older, representatives of certain professions – drivers, pilots, divers, etc.).

Methodology

diagnostics lasts 10-15 minutes. It begins with taking the patient's electrocardiogram and measuring blood pressure at rest.. Next, the patient is given a dosed load (walking on a treadmill or riding an exercise bike) (sensors are not removed from it). The load is increased at regular intervals.

Neurology:

Electroencephalography (EEG)

method of studying the brain using the registration of biocurrents of the brain. Neurons – main elements of the central nervous system (and brain, including) – capable of generating and conducting electrical impulses, which are recorded by an electroencephalograph.

Indications for carrying out

  • epilepsy
  • insomnia, sleep quality disorder
  • sleep disorder (walking, sleep talking);
  • sleep apnea
  • seizures with no known cause
  • endocrine diseases
  • vascular pathology of the brain
  • traumatic brain injury
  • inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system
  • frequent headaches

Methodology

Electrodes are attached to the patient's head., fixing them with a special cap. The electrodes are attached to the electroencephalograph, which sends the received information to the computer. Signals from the brain are depicted as a curved line, studying which can assess the activity of neurons and the state of the brain, as well as identify violations.

Rheoencephalography (REG)

Method for diagnosing cerebral vessels using weak electrical impulses

Indications for carrying out

  • acute cerebrovascular accident
  • violation of the patency of the main vessels
  • cerebral atherosclerosis
  • headache of vascular origin
  • increased intracranial pressure
  • traumatic brain injury
  • circulatory failure in the vertebral system and basilar artery
  • pathology of the carotid arteries

Methodology

 Electrodes are placed on the patient's scalp, fixed with an elastic band, then the device (rheograph) captures incoming impulses.

Electromyography (EMG)

Method for diagnosing disorders of the neuromuscular system, based on indicators of bioelectrical activity of muscles

Indications for carrying out

  • weakness in the muscles, fatigue.
  • the presence of a convulsive syndrome
  • sensory disturbance
  • decrease in muscle volume
  • polyneuropathy
  • muscle pathology: inflammation, dystrophy, fatigue.
  • degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine.
  • hyperkinesis (involuntary muscle movements)
  • tremor in parkinsonism
  • radiculopathy (nerve root damage)

Methodology

Electromyography takes from 30 to 60 minutes. Electromyograph electrodes are applied to the area under study.. At the beginning of the procedure, the conductance of the muscles at rest is assessed.. After that, she is asked to strain and bioelectric activity is recorded again..

Pulmonology

Spirography

It is a diagnostic method for studying the function of external respiration and is the main way to assess the functional state of the lungs and bronchi

Indications for carrying out

  • Prolonged cough, lasting more than 3-4 weeks, for no apparent reason, including after the transfer of bronchitis or SARS
  • diagnosing diseases of the respiratory system
  • feeling of pressure and heaviness in the chest, shortness of breath
  • difficulty inhaling/exhaling
  • violation of gas exchange processes
  • audible wheezing or wheezing during inhalation
  • frequent bronchitis, shortness of breath, shortness of breath
  • suspicion of Goodpasture's syndrome, scleroderma

Methodology

The study lasts 15-45 minutes. A soft clothespin is put on the patient's nose and a special mouthpiece is given to the hands., connected to the machine, which must be pressed tightly to the lips. You need to breathe through your mouth, exhaling through the mouthpiece, at the doctor's command, take a deep breath, and then sharp, forceful exhalation