Endoscopic diagnostics this is a method of examining certain internal organs of the patient using a special device – endoscope.
During an endoscopic examination, the device is inserted into the body cavity through natural routes.
If necessary, endoscopy is combined with a biopsy - taking a piece of tissue for subsequent histological examination.
Spectrum of diagnostic studies:
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS):
Allows you to explore the organs of the digestive tract, namely the stomach, esophagus and duodenum. When leading the study, it is used The task of such manipulation is to detect diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, taking a tissue sample and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. During the study, a fibrogastroscope is used., which consists of a control device, a thin fiber-optic tube with a diameter of eight to eleven millimeters and a length of about one hundred centimeters, as well as from the movable tip,which the revolves on 180 degrees around its axis, at the end of the tube.
Indications for carrying out
- presence of nausea, heartburn, belching
- cough for no apparent reason
- pain when swallowing
- swallowing dysfunction
- bloating, flatulence
- noticeable weight loss
- abdominal pain, especially in the epigastric region
- blood in stool
- vomit, blood in vomit
- B12 deficiency anemia
- with stomach bleeding
- to deliver medicine
- remove polyps
- take tissue, gastric juice for analysis, tests for gastrobacteria, for example, often co-administer a urease test for Helicobacter pylori (helicobacter pylori)
- monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment
Methodology
The patient is placed on the left side, puts hands on top of abdomen. After that, a fibrogastroscope is inserted into the cavity of the digestive tract through the mouth and an examination of the organs is done., their structure and mucous membrane for the presence of pathological processes.
Duration of the procedure 5-15 minutes, however, for the purpose of therapy, the duration can be increased to 20-25 minutes.
Fibrocolonoscopy
Allows you to explore the large intestine throughout, including direct, sigmoid, colon, and even the final section of the small intestine. During the study, a colonoscope is used - a special device, flexible tube, equipped with lighting system. An optical fiber runs inside the tube, allowing the doctor to see the real state of the intestine. The colonoscope is also equipped with a biopsy device. (biological material), which can be used for minor surgical interventions.
Indications for carrying out
- diagnosis of various intestinal diseases (inflammatory or tumor)
- determination of the cause and localization of the source of intestinal bleeding
- assessment of the condition of the intestine before surgery
- removal of benign neoplasms of the colon
Methodology
Fibrocolonoscopy is performed through the anus. The procedure is inevitably associated with some discomfort and pain.. For the procedure, you will need to undress from the bottom to the waist., lie on a couch or examination table on your left side, pulling your knees up to your chest. The colonoscope is inserted into the lumen of the rectum and gradually moves along the course of the intestine.. Research takes from 20 to 60 minutes. More time required, if there are manipulations (taking a biopsy, polyp removal).
Fibrocolonoscopy in sleep
Patients, wishing to completely eliminate discomfort during fibrocolonoscopy, the option of performing the study in a state of drug sleep is proposed.
Before drug administration, anesthetist examines, therefore, it is necessary to arrive for the study in advance - minutes before 30 until that time, for which fibrocolonoscopy is scheduled.
The patient falls asleep, as soon as the drug is started, and wake up almost immediately, how does the intro end. Full recovery comes in 15-20 minutes, but recommended 1-3 hours to stay in the hospital under medical supervision. It is recommended to get behind the wheel not earlier than, than through 2 hours after the procedure.
Sigmoidoscopy
The diagnostic method is intended for the study of the lower intestines using a sigmoidoscope. The procedure provides an opportunity to visually assess the condition of the lower intestine from a distance. 35-40 centimeters from the anus.
Indications for carrying out
- pain in the anorectal region
- stool disorders: constipation, alternating with diarrhea
- signs of hemorrhoids, bleeding from the intestines
- unusual discharge from the anus (in the form of pus, slime)
- suspicion of a neoplasm
- foreign body sensation
- inflammatory bowel disease, chronic hemorrhoids
- carrying out preventive measures 40 years
- clarification of the primary diagnosis, identification of grounds for surgical intervention, monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment
Methodology
The patient undresses below the waist and assumes an appropriate posture on the examination table - knee-elbow, or lying on the left side with legs, knees bent. The tube of the device is inserted into the anus to a depth 4-5 centimeters.
Sigmoscopy
Method of examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon using a sigmoscope. The examination is carried out with a thin, flexible, soft hose length 50 centimeters equipped at the end with a lighting device and a camera.
Indications for carrying out
- inflammatory processes in the intestines - colitis, enterocolitis
- colon polyps
- suspected ulcerative colitis
- colorectal cancer
- intestinal motility disorders (tendency to constipation or diarrhea)
- suspected intestinal bleeding
- control of the condition of the intestine after surgical interventions (imposition of ileoanal anastomoses, cholecystectomy, etc.. d.)
- dysbacteriosis
- in women, uterine tumors, endometriosis
- in men - suspicion of adenoma or prostate cancer
Methodology
The patient lies on the couch in a position on the side with legs bent at the knees.. After that, a sigmoscope is inserted into the digestive system through the anus.. The device is inserted slowly, without pressure to a depth of approx. 60 cm. Procedure continues 20-30 minutes, after which the sigmoscope is removed from the intestine.
Tracheobronchoscopy
therapeutic and diagnostic method of visualization of the internal surfaces of the trachea and bronchi.
The examination is performed with a special optical device - a fiberoptic bronchoscope., it is a multifunctional endoscope, which consists of a flexible cable with a light source and a video / camera at the end and a control handle with an additional manipulator.
Indications for carrying out
- Blackouts (disseminated foci) on x-rays
- Suspicion of oncology
- Suspicion of the presence of a foreign body
- Chronic shortness of breath, not associated with diseases of the cardiovascular system or bronchial asthma
- Hemoptysis
- Abscesses or cysts in the lungs
- Prolonged recurrent pneumonia
- Protracted inflammatory processes in the bronchi
- Bronchial asthma(to determine the cause)
- Abnormal expansion or narrowing of the bronchial tubes
- Control of the state of the organs of the upper and lower respiratory tract before and after surgical treatment
Methodology
The duration of a bronchoscopy is 30-40 minutes. Bronchodilators and painkillers are administered subcutaneously or by spraying to the patient, facilitating the passage of the tube and eliminating discomfort. The position of the patient's body - sitting or lying on his back. It is not recommended to move the head and move. To suppress the urge to vomit, you need to breathe often and not deeply.. A bronchoscope is inserted through the mouth or nasal passage.